Facts about Financial Deregualtion and Fiscal Policy
It seems in the flurry to create some drama behind what is essentially a bad dry, boring, complex story about bad policy initiated by the Clinton Administration, the mass media have been allowing politicians of all flavors to distort and mislead the puiblic about what has really caused the financial meltdown on Wall Street. Fisrt of all Obama and Pelosi are flat out wrong when she says the liquidity is caused by deregulation. In fact, the exact opposite is true. The reason there is no liquidity available today is because the Clinton administration pressured Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to make subprime loans in underqualified demographies, which, surprise surprise, have defaulted in masss numbers. These bad loans were purchased by the now-failed Lehman Brothers and other now defunct banks. That type of naive 'managed economic policy' is a big government program, like they used in the now bankrupt communist and socialist states of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and it is, in fact, the opposite of deregulation.
These facts are demonstrated in the following 2 pieces from the New York Times and the other from Bllomberg. If you can read them and still believe the ridiculous assertions from the left, you are either insane or you have an understanding of economics so wildly sophistocated that you have an obligation to explain it to the rest of the world IMMEDIATELY in a comment on this blog.
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Deregulation Not to Blame for Financial Woes: Peter J. Wallison
2008-09-30 04:02:00.0 GMT
Commentary by Peter J. Wallison
Sept. 30 (Bloomberg) -- In the debate on Sept. 26,
Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama argued that the
current crisis in the financial markets is the result of
Republican deregulation.
The advertising from his campaign has been saying the same
thing, and this claim is becoming a fixed element in the talking
points of Democratic candidates this year.
The credibility of the charge depends on ignoring several
important facts:
-- There has been a great deal of deregulation in our
economy over the last 30 years, but none of it has been in the
financial sector or has had anything to do with the current
crisis. Almost all financial legislation, such as the Federal
Deposit Insurance Corp. Improvement Act of 1991, adopted after
the savings and loan collapse in the late 1980s, significantly
tightened the regulation of banks.
-- The repeal of portions of the Glass-Steagall Act in 1999
-- often cited by people who know nothing about that law -- has
no relevance whatsoever to the financial crisis, with one major
exception: it permitted banks to be affiliated with firms that
underwrite securities, and thus allowed Bank of America Corp. to
acquire Merrill Lynch & Co. and JPMorgan Chase & Co. to buy Bear
Stearns Cos. Both transactions saved the government the costs of
a rescue and spared the market substantial additional turmoil.
None of the investment banks that got into financial
trouble, specifically Bear Stearns, Merrill Lynch, Lehman
Brothers Holdings Inc., Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs Group
Inc., were affiliated with commercial banks, and none were
affected in any way by the repeal of Glass-Steagall.
It is correct to say that there has been significant
deregulation in the U.S. over the last 30 years, most of it under
Republican auspices. But this deregulation -- in long-distance
telephone rates, air fares, securities-brokerage commissions, and
trucking, to name just a few sectors of the economy where it
occurred -- has produced substantial competition and innovation,
driving down consumer costs and producing vast improvements and
efficiencies in our economy.
The Internet, for example, wouldn't have been economically
possible without the deregulation of data-transfer rates.
Amazon.com Inc., one of the most popular Internet vendors,
wouldn't have been viable without trucking deregulation.
-- Republicans have favored financial regulation where it
was necessary, as in the case of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac,
while the Democrats have opposed it. In 2005, the Senate Banking
Committee, then under Republican control, adopted a tough
regulatory bill for Fannie and Freddie over the unanimous
opposition of committee Democrats. The opposition of the
Democrats when the bill reached the full Senate made its
enactment impossible.
Barack Obama did nothing; John McCain endorsed the bill in a
speech on the Senate floor.
-- The subprime and other junk mortgages that Fannie and
Freddie bought -- and the market in these mortgages that their
buying spawned -- are the underlying cause of the financial
crisis. These are the mortgages that the Treasury Department is
asking for congressional authority to buy. If the Democrats had
allowed the Fannie and Freddie reform legislation to become law
in 2005, the entire financial crisis might have been avoided.
Policies that center on deregulation are probably hard for
the voting public to grasp, and that has allowed Democratic
candidates to spread the idea that there is a connection between
deregulation and the current crisis. But an Obama victory, based
in part on the claim that deregulation has caused the financial
crisis, will create a mandate for new regulation where it isn't
necessary and will do harm to our economy.
(Peter J. Wallison is the Arthur F. Burns Fellow in
Financial Policy Studies at the American Enterprise Institute.
The opinions expressed are his own.)
For Related News: STNI PAULSONPLAN <GO>
--Editors: James Greiff, Laurence Arnold.
To contact the writer of this column:
Peter J. Wallison at pwallison@aei.org
To contact the editor responsible for this column:
James Greiff at +1-2122-617-5801 or
jgreiff@bloomberg.net
September 30, 1999
Fannie Mae Eases Credit To Aid Mortgage Lending
By STEVEN A. HOLMES
In a move that could help increase home ownership rates among minorities
and low-income consumers, the Fannie Mae Corporation is easing the
credit requirements on loans that it will purchase from banks and other
lenders.
The action, which will begin as a pilot program involving 24 banks in 15
markets -- including the New York metropolitan region -- will encourage
those banks to extend home mortgages to individuals whose credit is
generally not good enough to qualify for conventional loans. Fannie Mae
officials say they hope to make it a nationwide program by next spring.
Fannie Mae, the nation's biggest underwriter of home mortgages, has been
under increasing pressure from the Clinton Administration to expand
mortgage loans among low and moderate income people and felt pressure
from stock holders to maintain its phenomenal growth in profits.
In addition, banks, thrift institutions and mortgage companies have been
pressing Fannie Mae to help them make more loans to so-called subprime
borrowers. These borrowers whose incomes, credit ratings and savings are
not good enough to qualify for conventional loans, can only get loans
from finance companies that charge much higher interest rates --
anywhere from three to four percentage points higher than conventional
loans.
''Fannie Mae has expanded home ownership for millions of families in the
1990's by reducing down payment requirements,'' said Franklin D. Raines,
Fannie Mae's chairman and chief executive officer. ''Yet there remain
too many borrowers whose credit is just a notch below what our
underwriting has required who have been relegated to paying
significantly higher mortgage rates in the so-called subprime market.''
Demographic information on these borrowers is sketchy. But at least one
study indicates that 18 percent of the loans in the subprime market went
to black borrowers, compared to 5 per cent of loans in the conventional
loan market.
In moving, even tentatively, into this new area of lending, Fannie Mae
is taking on significantly more risk, which may not pose any
difficulties during flush economic times. But the government-subsidized
corporation may run into trouble in an economic downturn, prompting a
government rescue similar to that of the savings and loan industry in
the 1980's.
''From the perspective of many people, including me, this is another
thrift industry growing up around us,'' said Peter Wallison a resident
fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. ''If they fail, the
government will have to step up and bail them out the way it stepped up
and bailed out the thrift industry.''
Under Fannie Mae's pilot program, consumers who qualify can secure a
mortgage with an interest rate one percentage point above that of a
conventional, 30-year fixed rate mortgage of less than $240,000 -- a
rate that currently averages about 7.76 per cent. If the borrower makes
his or her monthly payments on time for two years, the one percentage
point premium is dropped.
Fannie Mae, the nation's biggest underwriter of home mortgages, does not
lend money directly to consumers. Instead, it purchases loans that banks
make on what is called the secondary market. By expanding the type of
loans that it will buy, Fannie Mae is hoping to spur banks to make more
loans to people with less-than-stellar credit ratings.
Fannie Mae officials stress that the new mortgages will be extended to
all potential borrowers who can qualify for a mortgage. But they add
that the move is intended in part to increase the number of minority and
low income home owners who tend to have worse credit ratings than
non-Hispanic whites.
Home ownership has, in fact, exploded among minorities during the
economic boom of the 1990's. The number of mortgages extended to
Hispanic applicants jumped by 87.2 per cent from 1993 to 1998, according
to Harvard University's Joint Center for Housing Studies. During that
same period the number of African Americans who got mortgages to buy a
home increased by 71.9 per cent and the number of Asian Americans by
46.3 per cent.
In contrast, the number of non-Hispanic whites who received loans for
homes increased by 31.2 per cent.
Despite these gains, home ownership rates for minorities continue to lag
behind non-Hispanic whites, in part because blacks and Hispanics in
particular tend to have on average worse credit ratings.
In July, the Department of Housing and Urban Development proposed that
by the year 2001, 50 percent of Fannie Mae's and Freddie Mac's portfolio
be made up of loans to low and moderate-income borrowers. Last year, 44
percent of the loans Fannie Mae purchased were from these groups.
The change in policy also comes at the same time that HUD is
investigating allegations of racial discrimination in the automated
underwriting systems used by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to determine the
credit-worthiness of credit applicants.
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